With the development of manufacturing technology and the wide use of numerical control equipment, the progress of cutting technology has been greatly promoted. According to the requirement of process numerical control and automation, higher requirements are put forward for metal cutting tools, such as high reliability, high precision, long life, rapid displacement replacement and good chip breaking. The design of tool structure and the shape of cutting parts have become very diverse. Choosing the required cutting tools according to different characteristics is of great significance for realizing highly automatic cutting. Following is a brief introduction to the performance requirements of metal cutting tools in Yida Borun Petrochemical Company.
I. Performance Requirements of Tools
(1) Wear resistance
The metal cutting tool materials used now are different, because high-speed cutting requires tool materials with good toughness, impact resistance and wear resistance, such as polycrystalline diamond tools, which have very high wear resistance and speed.
(2) Impact resistance
In the field of metal cutting, the use of cemented carbide tools is the largest, and the common speed of metal cutting mostly uses cemented carbide tools. Cemented carbide has good impact toughness. In addition, high-speed cutting tools also have very high thermal hardness and chemical stability.
(3) Heat resistance and chemical stability
Cubic boron nitride cutters have excellent heat resistance and can cut hard materials at high temperatures, but can not be used for soft metal materials. Aluminum-based ceramics with good chemical stability are suitable for this process, but lack of hot-hardness.
(4) Service life
Coated cemented carbide cutting tools suitable for high speed cutting have wide cutting range and long service life due to the use of coating materials with good heat resistance and high hardness and multi-layer coating technology. The cutting performance of the coated cemented carbide is much better than that of the uncoated cemented carbide, so the coated cemented carbide tends to replace the common uncoated cemented carbide.
2. Material of commonly used turning tools
(1) High Speed Steel
High-speed steel, also known as front steel, is a high-alloy tool steel with tungsten, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum as the main alloying elements. High-speed steel has high flexural strength and impact toughness. It can be used for casting, forging, welding, heat treatment and cutting. It has good grinding performance and high grinding quality. Therefore, it is mostly used to manufacture tools with complex shapes, such as drills, reamers, milling cutters, etc. It is also commonly used as low-speed precision turning tools and forming turning tools.
(2) Cemented carbide
Cemented carbide is made of powder with high abrasion resistance and heat resistance, which is formed by high pressure and then sintered at high temperature. This kind of tool can be used for high-speed cutting. Its disadvantages are poor toughness and impact resistance. Cemented carbide is generally made into various shapes of blades, which can be welded or clamped on the tool body.
Selection of Special Cutting Oil
Thread cutting oil is a kind of medium which must be used in cutting technology. It mainly plays the role of lubrication, cooling and cleaning in the process.
(1) Extreme pressure and wear resistance
The special cutting oil contains sulfur extreme pressure and anti-wear additives, which can effectively protect cutting tools and improve process accuracy.
(2) Chemical stability
Compared with rapeseed oil, mechanical oil and regenerated oil, the special cutting oil has good stability and does not harm equipment, human body and environment.
(3) Other physical properties
The special cutting oil has passed strict tests in viscosity, flash point, tilt point and thermal conductivity to meet various cutting process requirements.
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