hat are the types of cylinders? The following is a short edition of Yushi to share with you:
(1) Actions can be divided into single-action and double-action. As shown in the structure diagram, the former can be divided into spring pressing and back pressing. It is generally used in situations with short travel, low demand for output force and motion speed (low price, low energy consumption), and double-action cylinders are more widely used. (Note: Do not equate single-acting and double-acting cylinders with or without magnetic rings).
A kind of
(2) Functionally, there are many types, such as standard cylinder, composite cylinder, special cylinder, swing cylinder, air claw, etc. Among them, freely mounted cylinder, thin cylinder, pen cylinder, double-rod cylinder, slide-table cylinder, rodless cylinder, rotary cylinder and claw cylinder are commonly used.
Types and Selection of Cylinders
Classification of hardware fittings for doors and windows
There are so many kinds of hardware fittings for doors and windows. How many do you know?
There are many kinds and specifications of hardware products for door and window fittings, but hardware products play an irreplaceable role in home decoration. Choosing good hardware fittings can make many decorative materials safer and more convenient to use. At present, there are more than ten kinds of hardware products in the material market.
1, lock class
(1) external door lock; (2) handle lock; (3) drawer lock; (4) spherical door lock; (5) glass window lock; (6) electronic lock; (7) chain lock; (8) anti-theft lock; (9) bathroom lock; (10) padlock; (11) number lock; (12) lock body; (13) lock core.
2. Handles for door and window fittings
(1) drawer handle (2) cabinet door handle (3) glass door handle.
3. Hardware for door and window fittings
(1) hinge: glass hinge, corner hinge, bearing hinge (copper, steel), pipe hinge; (3) track: drawer track, sliding door track, suspension wheel, glass pulley; (4) bolt (bright and dark); (5) door suction; (6) ground suction; (7) ground spring; (8) door clamp; (9) door closer; (10) door pin; (11) door mirror; (12) anti-theft buckle; (13) pressure bar (copper, aluminium, pvc); (14) magnetic bead impact Touch beads.
Processing Technology of Hardware Package Adhesive Injection
Hardware package adhesive has the distinction between true package and false package. True encapsulation is to use the compatibility of soft glue and hard glue in softening and melting to form a layer of bonding layer on the interface between hard glue and soft glue, which greatly improves the bonding between TPE soft glue and hard plastic. False encapsulation hardly involves the compatibility of two kinds of materials. The encapsulation of materials is through mechanical force, through the design of dies and products and surface treatment, through the hoop effect, the soft glue and hard glue can be joined together.
Processing Technology of Hardware Package Adhesive Injection
Hardware package adhesive injection generally adopts secondary injection molding process, which fixes the hard plastic parts that have beer on the plastic package mould, and then injects TPE soft rubber into the hard rubber parts at the appropriate temperature, and then gets the products by cooling. The injection temperature of the adhesive-coated injection depends on the hard rubber material. Because the temperature should take into account that hard rubber and TPE soft rubber should be softened, in order to promote the two materials to achieve a certain compatibility at the contact surface. In order to achieve the effect of true encapsulation, usually the injection temperature of hardware encapsulated PP material is about 170-190 degrees Celsius; encapsulated ABS material is about 220-220 degrees Celsius; encapsulated PC material is slightly higher than that of encapsulated ABS; encapsulated PA nylon, the injection temperature is about 240 degrees Celsius.
Common metal package adhesive materials
TPE is used in adhesive-coated injection bonding. TPE soft rubber is used as the outer layer of soft rubber. The common hard materials are plastics, metals and fabrics. TPE and woven fabric jet bonding are mainly used in luggage products. Like metal bonding, TPE and woven fabric jet bonding are generally false bonding. True-encapsulated adhesives are commonly used in secondary and double-color injection moulding, that is, the main material of metal-encapsulated adhesives is plastic. TPE can adhere firmly to some common plastics such as PP, GPPS, HIPS, ABS and engineering plastics such as PC, PC/ABS, PA and their modified materials. The adhesion between TPE and POM polyformaldehyde is still a difficult problem in the elastomer industry. Because the solubility parameter SP (22.6) of POM is far different from that of TPE (7.2-7.6), the two materials are not compatible. At present, there is no suitable compatibilizer to promote the good adhesion between them in China.
Problems needing attention in adhesive injection moulding of hardware packages
1. The compatibility of TPE and hard gel structures should be matched, and the molecular solubility is close, so the molecular compatibility is better.
2. In order to ensure good contact between TPE and hard rubber parts and improve bonding effect, sharp corners should be avoided as far as possible in design.
3. To avoid the gas in the mould cavity by proper exhaust;
4. Keep the temperature of TPE melt to ensure the bonding effect.
5. Balance the thickness of TPE with the expected tactile sensation.
6. The TPE coating process needs to be baked to reduce the surface watermarks and achieve uniform surface color.
7. The carrier resin of the selected masterbatch is compatible with TPE and structural materials.
8. Special treatment should be given to smooth surfaces, with the aim of increasing the bonding contact surface between soft and hard adhesives and enhancing the bonding effect.
9. TPE should have good fluidity. Because the thickness-to-size ratio of metal cladding layer is very small, TPE usually needs to flow through a long path and thin-walled area to fill the die.
10. The flow length/product thickness ratio of TPE is less than 150:1.
What are the manufacturing process steps of precision metal stamping parts
With the development of NC stamping equipment, sheet metal stamping process is developing in a diversified direction. The punching-shearing composite process has opened up a new field, which is especially suitable for meeting the flexible requirements of small and medium batches. Punching-shearing composite process is a process that can obtain high surface roughness and high precision by one stamping stroke. It is widely used in aviation, aerospace, automobile, machinery, shipbuilding, household appliances and so on. Following is a brief introduction to the manufacturing process of stamping hardware workpiece in Baida Borun Petrochemical Company.
Stamping parts
I. Design of Stamping Parts
(1) The results of the design and implementation of stamping parts are three-dimensional entities with related concepts such as color, material, hardness, shape, size, location, related parts, manufacturing process and so on.
(2) The emergence of computer technology directly starts with the concept of three-dimensional design, which can more intuitively and accurately express all the geometric parameters of the design concept, and the whole design process can be fully discussed on the three-dimensional model.
(3) Computer technology can help stamping engineers rationalize the design process from the viewpoint of design and manufacturing, and gradually create stamping parts from the generation of sheet metal and the completion of each process.
(4) It can be seen as a virtual environment for stamping parts. Engineers can design and assemble parts directly on the computer screen. The virtual manufacturing process is almost the same as the real one.
(5) After the design of a single stamping part is completed, the three-dimensional models of multiple parts can be simulated and assembled, thus greatly shortening the design and cycle.
2. Deployment of stamping parts
After the design of stamping parts is completed, in order to facilitate manufacturing, it must be converted into an expansion drawing to determine the size of the required sheet and the shape of the sheet. (1) Computer-aided design has a small amount of operation, and the development process is completely controlled by computer.
(2) Computer aided design (CAD) has high efficiency and avoids errors that are easy to make for engineers when deploying.
(3) Computer-aided design (CAD) has high precision, and the unfolding data are completely computed by computer, thus avoiding the large grain cost of materials.
3. Selection of Stamping Oil Products
Stamping oil plays a key role in the stamping process. Good cooling performance and extreme pressure and anti-wear performance have made a qualitative leap in improving the service life of the die and the accuracy of the workpiece. Matching should be made according to the material of the workpiece.
(1) When choosing punching oil for carbon steel sheet, the better viscosity should be determined according to the process difficulty and degreasing conditions.
(2) Because of chemical reactions with chlorine additives, attention should be paid to the possibility of white rust in chlorine-type stamping oil for galvanized steel sheets when choosing stamping oil, while the rust problem can be avoided by using Yida Borun sulfur-type stamping oil, but the degreasing should be done as soon as possible after stamping.
(3) Stainless steel is a kind of material which is easy to harden. It is required to use drawing oil with high film strength and good sintering resistance. Pressing oil containing sulfur and chlorine compound additives is generally used to ensure extreme pressure performance and avoid burrs and cracks on the workpiece.
IV. Blanking of Stamping Plate
(1) Cutting of shear machine is to use the shear machine to cut out the shape, length and width of the unfolding drawing. If there is punching and cutting angle, then turn the punch press to combine with punching and cutting angle forming of the die.
(2) The blanking of punch is to punch the flat plate structure with the parts unfolded by the punch in one or more steps. Its advantage is short time-consuming and high efficiency, which is often used in batch manufacturing.
(3) NC programming is the first step in NC blanking. The unfolding drawings are compiled into identifiable contents of NC machine tools, so that they can be stamped out step by step according to these contents.
(4) Laser blanking is the use of laser cutting method, in a plate to cut out the shape of its plate structure.
5. Blanking of Machine Tool Plates
In order to meet the requirements of each process, the corresponding die is needed to complete the operation, such as the punch die, the tear forming die and so on.
6. Tapping and riveting of plate parts
Flanging is to draw a slightly larger hole into a smaller base hole and tap on it. This will increase the strength and avoid slippery teeth. Pressure riveting studs, riveting nuts, riveting screw and so on are often used in riveting. The riveting method is usually completed by punching machine or hydraulic riveting machine, which is riveted to the stamping parts.
7. Stereo Bending of Plates
Bending is a part that bends a flat plate into a body. It needs a bending machine and a corresponding bending die to complete the operation. It also has a certain order of bending, its principle is that the next knife does not interfere with the first fold, will interfere with the back fold.
VIII. Surface Treatment of Workpieces
Surface treatment generally includes phosphating skin film, electroplating multicolor zinc, chromate, baking paint, oxidation and so on. Phosphating coating is generally used for cold rolled sheets and electrolytic sheets. Its main function is to prevent oxidation by coating a protective film on the surface of the sheets; cold rolled sheets are generally used for electroplating multicolor zinc; chromate and oxidation are generally used for surface treatment of aluminium sheets and aluminium profiles.
Above is the manufacturing process of metal stamping parts. Precision metal stamping technology needs to know the parameters of machine tools and machine tools sufficiently. According to the process characteristics of CNC punch, a comprehensive analysis is made to make CNC punch get reasonable application and full play. Yida Borun is the largest production base of high-end metal processing oil in China. The independently developed stamping oil products have excellent extreme pressure and anti-wear properties.
Detection of Hardware Stamping Parts
Rockwell hardness tester is used for hardness testing of metal stamping parts. Small stamping parts with complex shapes can be used to test the plane is very small and can not be tested on ordinary desktop Rockwell hardness tester.
Stamping process includes blanking, bending, drawing, forming, finishing and other processes. Stamping materials are mainly hot-rolled or cold-rolled (mainly cold-rolled) metal strip materials, such as carbon steel plate, alloy steel plate, spring steel plate, galvanized plate, tin plate, stainless steel plate, copper and copper alloy plate, aluminum and aluminum alloy plate, etc.
PHP series portable surface Rockwell hardness tester is very suitable for testing the hardness of these stamping parts. Alloy stamping parts are the most commonly used parts in the field of metal processing and mechanical manufacturing. Stamping parts processing is a method of separating or forming metal strips by means of dies. It has a wide range of applications.
The main purpose of hardness testing of stamping materials is to determine whether the annealing degree of the purchased metal sheet is suitable for the subsequent stamping process. Different kinds of stamping process require different hardness levels of sheet metal. Aluminum alloy sheet used for stamping can be tested by Wechsler hardness tester. When the thickness of material is more than 13mm, it can be changed to Barkholder hardness tester. Pure aluminium or low hardness aluminium alloy sheet should be used Barkholder hardness tester.
In the stamping industry, stamping is sometimes called sheet metal forming, but it is slightly different. The so-called sheet metal forming refers to the forming method of using sheet metal, thin-walled tube, thin section as raw materials for plastic processing, which is collectively called sheet metal forming. At this time, the deformation in the direction of thick plate is generally not taken into account.
Ten kinds of salesmen are easy to be eliminated
1. Salesmen who always fail to achieve their goals are easily eliminated.
It is not necessarily the salesman who fails to achieve the goal. However, a salesman who always fails to achieve his goals, no matter how many problems the enterprise has, such salesman will become the first object to be eliminated, because the managers of the enterprise will think that: the enterprise has too many salesmen who fail to achieve the goals like you, so the performance of the enterprise is problematic; besides, the enterprise can not always achieve the goals, and the enterprise can not afford you.
2. Salesmen who are complained by distributors are easily eliminated
Most enterprises pay more attention to dealers than salesmen. As a salesman said, when a dealer needs to be cut off, the managers of the enterprise may not attach importance to and agree with it; when a dealer complains about a salesman, the managers of the enterprise may not immediately hit the salesman, or even directly hit the salesman with the word ________
3. Businessmen who just talk and don’t play tricks are easy to be eliminated.
The “old man” who has been doing business for several years will become an “old stick”. It was not long before the first three axes accumulated could not be found. This kind of empty-handed salesman is not popular in old and new enterprises.
4. Salesmen who like to confront their superiors are easily eliminated
No matter how bad the supervisor is, as long as it’s your supervisor, at least it shows that he’s better than you in some ways. If you like to confront your superiors, it means that you expose and magnify your shortcomings without seeing their strengths and strengths. Can you still “fool” under your superiors? Quick go, you will be expelled if you don’t leave.
5. Self-righteous and self-righteous salesmen are easily eliminated
Some business people start to think that they are great after they have achieved little. They don’t follow the company’s established strategies and plans, and they believe that they are in control. With their achievements, the leaders will think that you are not obedient to management and that something is wrong, which just makes you “go to hell”.
6. Complaining and complaining salesmen are easily eliminated
In business meetings, there are always several salesmen complaining about poor product quality, high prices, small promotions, less advertising, heavy tasks and so on. Within two months, such salesmen “went to one side to cool down”. What enterprises need is elites who can solve practical problems, not “observers”.
7. Businessmen who are jealous of virtue and ability are easily eliminated
Their own poor performance, look at others’good performance on the “red eye”: fleeing goods, smashing prices, looking for a few buddies “rumor” him and so on. When the truth is in front of us, we have to leave a good example to learn.
8. Self-promotion salesmen are easily eliminated
Some salesmen like to publicize themselves on the Internet or in some public places after they have made some achievements, and put their achievements in their pockets. As everyone knows, the performance of a market is created by many departments and personnel. Without the systematic support of the platform, the strength of individual business personnel is extremely limited.
9. Fake salesmen are easily eliminated during business trips
Some salesmen take advantage of the loopholes in business management. First, they cheat on business trips, and second, they cheat on business tickets, and the money they don’t spend turns into so much money. Once a salesman has formed such bad habits, it is difficult to get rid of them easily. However, “often walk by the river, where there are no wet shoes”, once found by business managers, only fall into the river.
10. Unconstrained private life is easy to be eliminated
Due to long-term outside, far away from the management and supervision of enterprises and families, a considerable number of salesmen will become unrestrained in their private life. Once corrupted, such salesmen can not cultivate the market like “old scalpers”. Only after “soaking in bars, building the Great Wall, washing saunas, looking for massage” and other songs and dances are leveled, the smoke disappears.
What are the requirements for metal cutting tools of CNC machine tools
With the development of manufacturing technology and the wide use of numerical control equipment, the progress of cutting technology has been greatly promoted. According to the requirement of process numerical control and automation, higher requirements are put forward for metal cutting tools, such as high reliability, high precision, long life, rapid displacement replacement and good chip breaking. The design of tool structure and the shape of cutting parts have become very diverse. Choosing the required cutting tools according to different characteristics is of great significance for realizing highly automatic cutting. Following is a brief introduction to the performance requirements of metal cutting tools in Yida Borun Petrochemical Company.
I. Performance Requirements of Tools
(1) Wear resistance
The metal cutting tool materials used now are different, because high-speed cutting requires tool materials with good toughness, impact resistance and wear resistance, such as polycrystalline diamond tools, which have very high wear resistance and speed.
(2) Impact resistance
In the field of metal cutting, the use of cemented carbide tools is the largest, and the common speed of metal cutting mostly uses cemented carbide tools. Cemented carbide has good impact toughness. In addition, high-speed cutting tools also have very high thermal hardness and chemical stability.
(3) Heat resistance and chemical stability
Cubic boron nitride cutters have excellent heat resistance and can cut hard materials at high temperatures, but can not be used for soft metal materials. Aluminum-based ceramics with good chemical stability are suitable for this process, but lack of hot-hardness.
(4) Service life
Coated cemented carbide cutting tools suitable for high speed cutting have wide cutting range and long service life due to the use of coating materials with good heat resistance and high hardness and multi-layer coating technology. The cutting performance of the coated cemented carbide is much better than that of the uncoated cemented carbide, so the coated cemented carbide tends to replace the common uncoated cemented carbide.
2. Material of commonly used turning tools
(1) High Speed Steel
High-speed steel, also known as front steel, is a high-alloy tool steel with tungsten, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum as the main alloying elements. High-speed steel has high flexural strength and impact toughness. It can be used for casting, forging, welding, heat treatment and cutting. It has good grinding performance and high grinding quality. Therefore, it is mostly used to manufacture tools with complex shapes, such as drills, reamers, milling cutters, etc. It is also commonly used as low-speed precision turning tools and forming turning tools.
(2) Cemented carbide
Cemented carbide is made of powder with high abrasion resistance and heat resistance, which is formed by high pressure and then sintered at high temperature. This kind of tool can be used for high-speed cutting. Its disadvantages are poor toughness and impact resistance. Cemented carbide is generally made into various shapes of blades, which can be welded or clamped on the tool body.
Selection of Special Cutting Oil
Thread cutting oil is a kind of medium which must be used in cutting technology. It mainly plays the role of lubrication, cooling and cleaning in the process.
(1) Extreme pressure and wear resistance
The special cutting oil contains sulfur extreme pressure and anti-wear additives, which can effectively protect cutting tools and improve process accuracy.
(2) Chemical stability
Compared with rapeseed oil, mechanical oil and regenerated oil, the special cutting oil has good stability and does not harm equipment, human body and environment.
(3) Other physical properties
The special cutting oil has passed strict tests in viscosity, flash point, tilt point and thermal conductivity to meet various cutting process requirements.
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