2020 – Page 89 – CNC Machining & Turning, Milling, Metal parts

How to determine CNC processing route

The feed machining route of CNC lathe refers to the path from the starting point of tool setting (or the constant origin of the machine tool) to the beginning and end of the machining program, including the path of cutting and the path of non cutting empty travel such as tool cutting in and cutting out.

The feeding route of finish machining is basically carried out in sequence along the appearance of the parts. Therefore, the key work of confirming the feeding route is to confirm the feeding route of rough machining and empty stroke.

In the CNC lathe processing, the processing route is generally in accordance with the following principles.

① The accuracy and surface roughness of the workpiece to be processed shall be ensured.

② Make the processing route short, reduce the empty travel time, and increase the processing efficiency.

③ Although the workload of numerical calculation is simplified, the machining procedure is simplified.

④ For some repeatedly used programs, subroutines should be used

What are the requirements for medical device processing

Medical equipment industry puts forward new requirements for special precision cutting tools

Difficult to process raw materials, complex workpiece forms and frequent small batch production put forward high requirements for cutting tools used to process special medical equipment. For example, transplant products and prostheses play an important role in successful surgery, which can help surgeons achieve better medical efficacy. The quality of medical equipment is determined by the cutting tools used to process medical equipment.

The use of cutting tools in the manufacturing of medical equipment is various and common. It is advisable to process simple workpieces in the shell of large-scale equipment (such as computer X-ray Tomograph), while the manufacturing of workpieces for transplantation products or for repairing skull cap or treating fracture is more challenging.

Precautions for stamping aluminum parts

1. In the case of no impact on the project number, although the punching is arranged at the back of the project, even for the products with a large number of punching, it can be studied to do more than one project, and the punching should also be arranged at the back of the project

2. The aluminum material is soft and the die is easy to plug. Therefore, when designing the die clearance, it is appropriate to place a clearance of 10% of the bilateral material thickness. The straight depth of the blade is 2mm, and the taper is 0.8-1 °

3. During bending forming, because aluminum chips are easy to occur during bending of aluminum material, it will form spot damage and indentation. Aluminum raw material needs to be pasted with PE film. Under the condition of roller and electroplating, polishing and hard chromium plating are preferred for forming block

4. For the metal stamping parts to be processed after anode, if there is a pressing and pushing process of 180 °, the product can not be fully pressed, and acid spitting will occur when the product is fully pressed. A 0.2-0.3mm seam shall be reserved so that the acid can flow out quickly. Therefore, the limit block shall be made in this process and the calibration die shall be higher than the die

5. Because the aluminum material is brittle and easy to crack, it is unique in the condition of reverse flanging. Therefore, although it is not necessary to make crimping, it is also necessary to make the crimping wider and shallower

6. All the cutting edges of aluminum parts are required to be cut with slow wire to prevent burr and rough blanking. The aluminum parts are easy to generate high temperature, so the hardness of the punch is required to be more than 60 °, at least SKD11 material is used, and D2 equal quality punch is not allowed

What are the requirements for medical device processing

Medical equipment industry puts forward new requirements for special precision cutting tools

What are the requirements of precision machining on the material of parts

Precision machining is not suitable for all raw materials. If the hardness of some raw materials is too large and exceeds the hardness of the processing parts, the parts may be broken. Therefore, these raw materials are not suitable for precision machining, unless they are made of unique raw materials or laser cutting.

The raw materials for precision machining are divided into two categories: metal raw materials and non-metal raw materials.

As for metal raw materials, the hardness of stainless steel is relatively large, followed by cast iron, followed by copper, and finally aluminum.

The processing of ceramics and plastics belongs to the processing of non-metallic materials.

1. First of all, the hardness of raw materials is required. For some scenes, the higher the hardness of raw materials is, the better it is. It is only limited to the hardness requirements of machining parts. The processed raw materials cannot be too hard. If they are harder than the parts, they cannot be machined.

2. Secondly, the material is moderate in hardness and softness, at least one level lower than the hardness of the parts. At the same time, it depends on the function of the processed parts and the correct selection of materials for the parts.

In a word, precision machining still has some requirements for materials, not all materials are suitable for processing, such as too soft or too hard raw materials, the former is not necessary for processing, the latter is unable to process.

What are the common and efficient CNC thread machining methods

What are the common and efficient CNC thread machining methods? Thread machining is one of the important applications of CNC machining center. The machining quality and efficiency of thread will directly affect the machining quality of parts and the manufacturing efficiency of machining center. With the increasing function of CNC machining center and the improvement of cutting tools, the way of thread machining is constantly improving, and the accuracy and efficiency of thread machining are gradually increasing. In order to enable the process staff to correctly select the thread processing mode, improve the production efficiency, and prevent quality events in the processing, several commonly used thread processing modes in CNC machining centers are summarized as follows:

In NC machining, the commonly used processing methods of thread can be divided into: NC turning, NC milling, tapping and whirlwind milling.

CNC processing

1、 CNC lathe

It is advisable to turn metric, inch, modulus and diameter control four kinds of standard threads on CNC lathe. No matter which thread is turned, there must be a strict activity relationship between lathe spindle and cutter: that is, every revolution of spindle (i.e. one revolution of workpiece), the cutter should move an average interval of lead. If the thread is processed on the CNC lathe, it can be described as follows with a diagram

If it is to be subdivided, it can also be divided into: direct feed of radial feed; control turning method of flow feed; oblique feed method of lateral feed.

Straight forward method: applicable to small pitch, with lead less than 3mm, G32 or G92

Oblique approach: it is not easy to tie the knife, it is preferred to use G76 command without undercut

Control turning method: large profile, large pitch, lead greater than 5mm, macro program

2、 CNC milling

Thread milling, in the thread milling machine with disc milling cutter or comb milling cutter for milling. Disc milling cutter is mainly used for milling trapezoidal external thread of screw rod, worm and other workpieces. The comb milling cutter is used for milling internal and external common thread and taper thread. The length of the working part of the multi edge milling cutter is longer than the length of the thread to be processed. Therefore, the workpiece only needs to rotate 1.25 ~ 1.5 to be processed, with a high production rate. The pitch accuracy of thread milling can reach 8-9 grades, and the surface roughness is r5-0.63 μ M. This method can be used for mass production of common precision screw thread or rough machining before grinding. After the spiral slope milling of the turning tool, the screw thread is generated, which is not as ordinary as the lathe, but also has high efficiency when it is used in a unique scene.

CNC processing

Three. Tapping

Tapping is to use a certain torque to screw the tap into the bottom hole pre drilled on the workpiece to process the internal thread.

Threading is to cut the external thread on the bar (or tube) workpiece with a die. The machining accuracy of tapping or threading depends on the accuracy of tap or die. Although there are many ways to process internal and external threads, small-diameter internal threads can only be processed by taps. Tapping and threading can be operated by hand, or by lathe, drilling machine, tapping machine and threading machine.

4、 Whirlwind milling

CNC whirlwind milling is installed on CNC lathes and other lathes by Zhonghua broad users, which makes the processing efficiency of single head multi head, worm, screw, nut and other threaded products increase by 10-30 times, the processing accuracy increases by two poles, and the brightness reaches 0. 8um. There is no difference between the whirlwind milling and the numerical milling in the processing technology. If the blade is installed in the cutting cutter head and rotates around the cylindrical part, the thread can be cut out in one-time cutting, with high efficiency!

Focus on the operation of screws, worm and other unique scenes!

summary

Only by accurately selecting thread processing methods and cutting tools can we effectively improve the efficiency and quality of thread processing, increase the application efficiency of CNC machining center, and reduce the processing cost. Every NC processing staff should be skilled in charge.

Peer gate, after reading this article, do you think it’s reasonable? Maybe you have any different opinions? Welcome to comment and share your own opinions and comments below! You can also forward them to friends circle to see what their opinions are?

The specific maintenance measures of CNC machine tools

1. CNC system

(1) Strictly abide by the operation regulations and daily maintenance system of CNC machine tools.

(2) Prevent dust from entering the numerical control device: floating dust and metal powder are easy to cause the insulation resistance between components to drop, thus causing failure or even damage to components.

(3) Clean the cooling and ventilation system of the data control cabinet regularly.

(4) Frequently monitor the power grid voltage of CNC system: the power grid voltage range is 85% – 110% of the rated value.

(5) Replace the battery for memory regularly.

(6) Maintenance of CNC system when it is not used for a long time: often power on the CNC system or make the CNC machine run warm program.

2. Tool magazine and tool change manipulator

(1) When installing the knife into the magazine manually, ensure that it is installed in place and check whether the locking on the knife seat is reliable.

(2) It is strictly prohibited to install the over weight and over long tools into the tool magazine, so as to prevent the tool from dropping when the manipulator changes the tool or the tool from colliding with the workpiece, fixture, etc.

(3) In order to select tools in sequence, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the order in which the tools are placed on the magazine is correct. Other tool selection methods should also pay attention to whether the tool number is the same as the required tool to prevent accidents caused by changing the wrong tool.

(4) Pay attention to keep the handle and sleeve clean.

(5) Frequently check whether the zero return position of the tool magazine is correct, check whether the tool change point position of the machine tool spindle is in place, and adjust it in time, otherwise the tool change action cannot be completed.

(6) When the machine is started, the tool magazine and manipulator shall be operated empty first, and check whether all parts work normally, especially whether all travel switches and solenoid valves operate normally.

3. Ball screw

(1) Regularly check and adjust the axial clearance of screw nut pair to ensure the reverse drive accuracy and axial stiffness.

(2) Regularly check whether the connection between the lead screw support and the bed is loose and whether the support bearing is damaged. In case of any of the above problems, fasten the loose parts in time and replace the support bearing.

(3) Clean the old grease on the ball screw with lubricating grease every half a year and replace it with new grease. The ball screw lubricated with lubricating oil shall be oiled once a day before the machine tool works.

(4) Pay attention to prevent hard dust or chips from entering the lead screw protective cover and bumping the protective cover during the working process. Replace the protective device in time once it is damaged.

4. Main drive chain

(1) Adjust the tightness of the spindle drive belt regularly.

(2) Prevent all kinds of impurities from entering the oil tank, and change the lubricating oil once a year.

(3) To keep the connection between the spindle and the handle clean, it is necessary to adjust the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder and the piston in time.

(4) Adjust the counterweight in time.

5. Hydraulic system

(1) Filter or change the oil regularly.

(2) Control the temperature of the fluid in the hydraulic system.

(3) Prevent hydraulic system leakage.

(4) Check and clean the oil tank and pipeline regularly.

(5) Implement daily point inspection system.

CNC machining generally follows several principles

The determination of CNC machining route in CNC lathe machining generally follows the following principles:

① The accuracy and surface roughness of the workpiece to be processed shall be ensured.

② Make the processing route shortest, reduce the empty travel time, and improve the processing efficiency.

③ Try to simplify the workload of numerical calculation and the processing procedure.

④ For some reused programs, subroutines should be used.

What are the components and working steps of CNC machine tools

1. Composition of CNC machine tools

CNC machine tool is composed of program, input / output device, CNC unit, servo system, position feedback system and machine body. Here is a brief introduction.

(1) CNC unit

CNC unit is the core of CNC machine tools, which consists of three parts: information input, processing and output.

CNC unit receives digital information, after decoding, interpolation and logic processing by the control software and logic circuit of the numerical control device, outputs various instruction information to the servo system, and the servo system drives the executive part to move forward. Other signals include speed change, direction change and start stop of main moving parts, tool command signals for selecting and exchanging tools, auxiliary command signals for cooling and lubrication, workpiece and machine tool parts loosening, clamping, indexing table turning, etc.

(2) Servo system

It is composed of a driver and a driving motor, and a feed system of a numerical control machine tool is composed of an executive part and a mechanical transmission part on the machine tool. Its function is to convert the pulse signal from the numerical control device into the movement of the moving parts of the machine tool. For stepping motor, each pulse signal makes the motor turn an angle, and then drives the moving parts of the machine tool to move a small distance. Each actuator of the feed motion has a corresponding servo drive system, and the performance of the whole machine depends on the servo system.

(3) Position feedback system

The feedback of the angle displacement of the servo motor and the displacement of the actuator (table) of the CNC machine tool. Including grating, rotary encoder, laser rangefinder, magnetic grating, etc.

The feedback device converts the detection results into electrical signals and feeds them back to the numerical control device. Through comparison, the deviation between the actual position and the command position is calculated, and the deviation command is issued to control the feed movement of the executive part.

(4) Mechanical parts of machine tools

For CNC machine tools of machining center type, there are also parts such as tool magazine for storing tools, manipulator for exchanging tools, etc. the composition of mechanical parts of CNC machine tools is similar to that of ordinary machine tools, but the requirements of transmission structure are simpler, in terms of accuracy, rigidity, seismic resistance, etc., and its transmission and transmission system is more convenient to realize automatic expansion.

2. Working steps of CNC machine tools

The following steps are required for machining parts on CNC machine tools:

(1) Preparation stage

According to the drawings of machining parts, determine the relevant machining data (tool path coordinate point, machining cutting amount, tool size information, etc.), and select other auxiliary information according to the process plan, selected fixture, tool type, etc.

(2) Programming phase

According to the machining process information, write the NC machining program (the description of the machining process) in the language recognized by the CNC system of the machine tool, and fill in the program sheet.

(3) Prepare information carrier

According to the compiled program list, the program is stored on the information carrier (perforated tape, tape, disk, etc.), and all the processing information is transmitted to the CNC system through the information carrier. If the CNC machine tool is connected with the computer, the information can be directly loaded into the CNC system.

(4) Processing stage

When the program is executed, the CNC system of machine tool will decode and calculate the statement of the processing program, convert it into the action instruction of driving each moving part, drive the timely movement of each moving part under the unified coordination of the system, and automatically complete the processing of the workpiece.

What are the advantages of CNC precision machining

1. Multi axis control linkage: generally, three-axis linkage is the most frequently used, but the machining centers with four, five, seven or more linkage axes can be achieved through some adjustments.

2. Parallel machine tool: common machining centers have fixed functions. They can combine machining centers with turning centers, or vertical and horizontal machining centers, which can increase the machining range and processing capacity of machining centers.

3. Tool damage early warning: by using some technical detection means, the tool wear and damage can be found in time, and the alarm can be given, so that the tool can be replaced in time to ensure the processing quality of parts.

4. Tool life management: it can manage multiple tools working at the same time and multiple blades on the same tool, so as to improve production efficiency.

5. Overload and power-off protection of machine tool: according to the maximum load set according to the load in the production process, when the load reaches the set value, the machine tool can realize automatic power-off and shutdown to protect the machine tool.