CNC Technology – Page 23 – CNC Machining & Turning, Milling, Metal parts

CNC computer gong machining center code

The meaning of letters in NC program

O: Program number

N: Program segment number, set program sequence number

G: Preparation function

X / Y / Z: dimension character, axis movement command

A / B / C / U / V / W: additional axis movement command

R: Arc radius

I / J / K: arc center coordinates (vector)

F: Feed, set feed rate

S: Spindle speed, set the spindle speed

T: Tool function, set tool number

M: Auxiliary function, on / off control function

H / D: tool offset number, set tool offset number

P / X: delay, set delay time

P: Program number instruction, set subroutine serial number (such as subroutine call: m98p1000)

50: Repeat, set the repeat times of subroutine or fixed cycle (e.g. M98 P1000 L2, omitting L for L1)

P / w / R / Q: parameters, parameters of fixed circulation (e.g. tapping g98 / (G99) g84 x)_ Y_ R_ Z_ P_ F_)

Explanation of common G code

G00: positioning or rapid movement

G01: linear interpolation

G02: arc interpolation / helix interpolation CW

G03: circular interpolation / spiral interpolation CCW

G04: dwell time or delay time

For example: G04 X1000 (or G04 x1.0)

G04 P1000 stands for 1 second

G09: accurate stop or accurate stop check (check whether it is within the target range)

G10: programmable data input

G17: select xpyp plane XP: X axis or its parallel axis

G18: select zpxp plane YP: Y axis or its parallel axis

G19: select ypzp plane ZP: Z axis or its parallel axis

G20: Inch input

G21: mm input

G28: return to reference point detection

Format: G91 / (G90) G28 x__ Y__ Z__

Passing through the middle point x__ Y__ Z__ Return reference point (absolute value / increment value instruction)

G29: return from reference point

G91/(G90) G29 X__ Y__ Z__

From the starting point through the reference point back to the target point X__ Y__ Z__ Instruction (absolute value / increment value instruction)

G30 returns to reference points 2, 3, 4

G91/(G90) G30 P2 X__ Y__ Z__ Return to the second reference point (P2 may be omitted). )

G91/(G90) G30 P3 X__ Y__ Z__ ; return to the third reference point

G91/(G90) G30 P4 X__ Y__ Z__ ; return to the fourth reference point

X__ Y__ Z__ : through the middle point position (absolute value / incremental value instruction)

G40: tool radius compensation cancelled

G41: left tool radius compensation (along the feed direction, the tool is on the left side)

G42: right tool radius compensation (the tool is on the right along the feed direction)

G43: tool length compensation + direction

G44: tool length compensation – direction

G49: cancel tool length compensation

CNC computer gong Processing Cam Parts

Research on key technology of design and manufacture of continuous fine blanking die for complex parts

Continuous fine stamping die for complex parts is the frontier basic technology of precision punching technology. It is expected to promote the whole fine blanking technology in China. Taking the synchronizer gear ring, clutch plate, longitudinal compound continuous fine blanking process and continuous fine blanking die for complex parts as the breakthrough point, the key technology of fine blanking die design and manufacturing is studied, so as to realize the rapid improvement of fine blanking die technology in China and shorten the gap with advanced countries as soon as possible.

Study on the life promotion of fine blanking die and its related key technologies

Die life is a comprehensive reflection of the level of mold materials, small arts and supporting products. Taking the life of precision punching die as the leading point to solve the problem of too low life of precision die, it can not only solve the problem of too low life of the die in China, but also promote the development of die materials, fine blanking technology and supporting tooling and other auxiliary products.

Research and development of fine blanking precision forging composite technology

Precision blanking and precision forging are two advanced manufacturing technologies developed in parallel. If the precision blanking parts are too thick and need precision forging, the precision forging must be too thin. They are closely related. The basic idea of developing precision forging precision stamping composite process is to find the combination points of these two processes (such as gear parts with hub and cam parts with short shaft). However, precision forging in China has a long history and has a high level. It is a good way to improve the overall level of precision punching technology in China.

CNC computer gong processing mechanical structure

1、 Analysis from the angle of numerical control

The CNC milling center requires a general speed for the CNC system, and the spindle speed is about 0 ~ 8000rpm
The engraving and milling machine requires a high-speed numerical control system, and the spindle speed is about 3000 ~ 30000 rpm
High speed cutting machine tools require high-speed CNC system and excellent servo motor characteristics. The spindle speed is about 1500 ~ 30000 rpm

2、 Analysis on programming software

In terms of software, standard CAD / CAM software such as MasterCAM Cimatron PE UG can be used in CNC milling centers, high-speed cutting machines and engraving and milling machines. Milling machine usually thinks Cimatron tool path is better. The new software fully studies the uniformity of cutting amount at every moment of the tool, especially the speed and smoothness of the moment when the tool enters and leaves the work, as well as the following error at the inflection point, which makes the results and design graphics more close to each other. In the CAD part, the intuitive three-dimensional solid modeling, such as SolidWorks, has been widely used And then transfer it to CAM software for processing through Igs.

But don’t worry, the development speed of CAD / CAM is much faster than that of CNC machine tools.

Because of the particularity of its cutting tool, engraving process has quite small angle control, so type3 is better.

3、 – requirements for automatic tool change and automatic tool setting of tool magazine

Machining center is a decent term, machining center is to complete a variety of processes in the automatic state of numerical control equipment, mainly for some fixed mass production operations, if we process a box with many holes and teeth, and have to do almost every day, what good way to improve efficiency, do not use the tool library, and will not cause artificial tool change error, there is only one way Automatic tool setting system, one tool is installed upward, one button, automatic tool setting, direct processing, the error is within 0.001 ~ 0.0003 μ m, compared with the automatic time change, the efficiency is not a bit slow. If it is a machining center without automatic tool setting device, the efficiency of the latter is much higher than that of the former. Note that the price of the best brand of automatic tool setting instrument, such as MARPOSS, is only about 10000 yuan, and it is unlikely to be damaged. In this way, if we fully consider the utilization value of capital, we must not use machining center equipment. In addition, there are many problems in the tool magazine of domestic manufacturers.

The processing method of CNC machine tool

There are two main forms of NC lathe processing in production and processing,

They are solid heat treatment and melt heat treatment. There is a certain difference between the two ways to make precision hardware processing parts. What’s more, they use different steel to make different workpieces. CNC lathe is composed of bed, headstock, turret feed system, cooling and lubrication system and CNC system. Different from the ordinary lathe, the feed system of CNC lathe is qualitatively different from that of ordinary lathe,

It does not have the traditional tool box, slide box and change gear frame, but directly uses servo motor or stepper motor to drive slide and tool through ball screw to realize feed movement. The NC system consists of NC unit, input and output module and operation panel. (1) Solid solution strengthening: because the solute atoms enter into the gap or node of the solvent lattice, the lattice will be distorted and the hardness and strength of the solid solution will increase. This phenomenon is called solid solution strengthening. 2. Compound: a new crystal solid structure with metallic properties is formed by the combination of alloy components.

Mechanical mixture: an alloy consisting of two crystal structures. Although it has two kinds of crystals, it is a component with independent mechanical properties.

Ferrite: interstitial solid solution of carbon in a-Fe (body centered cubic iron).
Austenite: interstitial solid solution of carbon in g-fe.
Cementite: stable compound (Fe3C) formed by carbon and iron.
Pearlite: a mechanical mixture of ferrite and cementite (F + Fe3C contains 0.8% carbon)
Ledeburite: a mechanical mixture of cementite and austenite (containing 4.3% carbon) Metal heat treatment is one of the important processes in mechanical manufacturing. Compared with other processes, heat treatment generally does not change the shape and overall chemical composition of the workpiece, but endows or improves the performance of the workpiece by changing the microstructure inside the workpiece or the chemical composition on the surface of the workpiece.

How to add four and five axes to CNC computer gongs

CNC computer gong is a typical set of high-tech machining equipment, its development represents the level of a country’s manufacturing industry, has been highly valued at home and abroad.

Compared with general CNC machine tools, CNC computer gong has the following outstanding features:

All CNC computer gongs are equipped with protective doors. When processing, closing the protective doors can effectively prevent personal injury accidents.
The CNC computer gong generally has multiple feed axes (more than three axes) and even multiple spindles, and the number of linkage axes is also very large, such as three-axis linkage, five axis linkage, seven axis linkage and so on. Therefore, it can actively complete the processing of multiple planes and multiple viewpoints, and finish the high-precision processing of messy parts. The CNC computer gong can finish milling, boring, drilling, expanding, reaming, tapping and other processing with high concentration.
The CNC computer gong is equipped with a tool magazine and an active tool changing device,

Before machining, the required tools are loaded into the tool magazine, and the tools can be replaced actively through program control during machining.

The use of multiple worktables, worktable active exchange CNC computer gong processing, if with active exchange worktable, can end a worktable in the processing together, another worktable finish workpiece clamping, and then greatly shorten the auxiliary time, improve the processing power.
CNC computer gongs can be used for turning and grinding. For example, the circular worktable can drive the workpiece to rotate at high speed, and the cutting tool can only do the main motion without feeding. This makes CNC computer gongs have a wider processing scale
CNC computer gongs with high initiative, high precision and high power have high spindle speed, feed speed and rapid positioning accuracy. Through reasonable selection of cutting parameters, they can fully show the cutting performance of cutting tools and reduce cutting time. All kinds of auxiliary actions are fast and active, which reduces auxiliary action time and downtime. Therefore, CNC computer gongs are very popular The production power is very high.
High investment due to the high degree of intelligence, disordered structure and powerful function of CNC computer gong, the one-time investment and maintenance cost of CNC computer gong is much higher than that of ordinary machine tools.
In the appropriate conditions, the ability to perform the best benefits, that is, in the process of using the performance of the advantages of CNC machine tools, ability to fully reflect the benefits, which is very important for the rational use of CNC computer gongs.

CNC computer gong processing advantages

Computer gong is a kind of artificial intelligence, which is controlled by computer to complete complex processing.

Computer gong processing is also called CNC milling machine processing, CNC milling machine is developed on the basis of general milling machine, the two processing technology is basically the same, the structure is also somewhat similar, CNC milling machine is in the general milling machine integrated digital control system, can be under the control of the program code more accurate milling machine.

1、 Testing standard of computer gong before processing

Divide the center and copy the number. After each division, first copy the work coordinate number, and then recheck whether the distance from the center to both sides is consistent after clearing, so as to ensure that the division and copy are correct.
Tool selection, tool loading, tool setting and z-axis coordinate counting. Select the right tool according to the programming list, clean the tool head and nozzle thoroughly before installing the tool, and use the calibration table to check whether the tool has deflection after installing the tool. Check again after reading the number of correct knives to avoid the serious loss to the company caused by the wrong number of correct knives.
transmit program, start processing: use the single section execution before the knife, transfer the speed and feed speed to the slowest, slow down the knife, watch the machine tool showing the Z axis margin, check whether there is any abnormal, if abnormal, press the pause button immediately, find out the reason to solve the anomaly, confirm that everything is adjusted to the right speed to start processing.
In the process of machining, it is necessary to observe whether the machining is abnormal and whether the tool is worn. If the tool is seriously worn, it is necessary to stop grinding to ensure the normal machining.

Difference of NC milling machine

The biggest difference of CNC milling machine is that the machining center has the ability to exchange machining tools automatically. By installing different tools on the tool magazine, the machining tools on the spindle can be changed through the automatic tool changing device in one clamping, so as to realize a variety of processing functions.

CNC machining center is composed of mechanical equipment and CNC system, which is suitable for processing complex parts. CNC machining center is one of the most widely used CNC machine tools with the highest output in the world. Its comprehensive processing ability is strong, the workpiece can complete more processing content after clamping at one time, and the processing accuracy is high. For the batch workpiece with medium processing difficulty, its efficiency is 5-10 times higher than that of ordinary equipment, especially it can complete the processing that many ordinary equipment can’t complete, and it is more suitable for single piece processing with complex shape and high precision requirements or small and medium batch multi variety production. It concentrates the functions of milling, boring, drilling, tapping and cutting threads on one equipment, so that it has a variety of technological means.

Machining centers are classified into horizontal and vertical machining centers according to the spatial position of the spindle. According to the classification of process uses: boring and milling machining center, composite machining center. According to the special functions, there are single table, double table and multi table machining centers. Machining center of single axle, double axle, three axle and changeable headstock.

Machining analysis of CNC high precision parts

Analysis of high precision machining industry

The concept, significance and characteristics of high precision parts manufacturing high precision parts manufacturing takes high precision mechanical parts as processing objects. Based on the systematic and integrated theory and technology, according to the structure and requirements of the workpiece, the organic combination and optimization of feeding, processing, detection and handling are realized, and the production of parts is completed under the precise processing conditions.
Application field of high precision parts and components high precision parts and components are used in all walks of life testing equipment – scientific instruments. In China, they are mainly used in the instrument and instrument industry of scientific instruments.
High precision machining has the advantages of high precision, low energy consumption, flexible production and high efficiency. Reducing the size of the whole manufacturing system and precision parts can not only save energy, but also save manufacturing space and resources, which is in line with the production mode of energy saving and environmental protection. It is one of the development directions of green manufacturing.
Compared with ordinary machinery manufacturing, precision machinery manufacturing has high technology content (design and production), excellent processing equipment, high added value, and small batch sales.
Analysis of foreign development situation high precision machinery manufacturing technology is known as one of the key technologies in the 20th century. It is the key development direction in the 21st century and has been highly valued by all countries in the world. Japan, the European Union, South Korea, the United States and other developed countries have invested a lot of human, material and financial resources to develop their own high-precision mechanical parts research and development and technology.
China’s high-precision machinery manufacturing technology was gradually developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It is a rapidly developing industry in China today. High precision machinery manufacturing products are widely used in national defense, medical, aerospace, electronics and other military and civil fields.

The purpose of high-precision mechanical parts processing is to realize the concept of “small machine tool processing small parts”, which is different from the manufacturing method and technology of ordinary mechanical parts. It will become the most effective processing method for high precision parts of non silicon materials (such as metal, ceramics, etc.). It can fundamentally solve the problems existing in the processing methods of precision instrument parts.

CNC computer gong processing tool introduction

From the cutting process can be divided into:

Turning tools, including cylindrical, internal hole, thread, cutting tools, etc.; drilling tools, including drill, reamer, tap, etc.; boring tools; milling tools, etc.

In order to comply with the requirements of CNC machine tools for tool durability, stability, easy adjustment, replaceability, etc., in recent years, the machine clip indexable tool has been widely used, reaching 30% – 40% of all CNC tools in quantity, and the metal removal amount accounts for 80% – 90% of the total.

Tool selection

Tool selection is carried out under the condition of human-computer interaction in NC programming. According to the choice of milling cutter, the choice of milling cutter diameter and the number of milling cutter teeth. Selection of milling cutter diameter: generally, small diameter milling cutter is selected as far as possible. Because of the large diameter of milling cutter and the increase of cutting torque, it is easy to form cutting vibration, and the cutting length of milling cutter increases, which reduces the milling efficiency. Of course, not necessarily, when the rigidity of the milling cutter is poor, the larger diameter milling cutter should be selected according to the processing environment to increase the rigidity of the milling cutter.

In the machining process of economical CNC machine tools, because the grinding, measurement and exchange of cutting tools are mostly carried out manually, which takes a long time, it is necessary to reasonably allocate the order of cutting tools.

Rough and finish machining tools should be used

The name of NC milling and machining is diverse. The machining instruments are divided into two categories: fine and coarse. Different work contents and machining products have different examples of necessary tools in the detailed milling process. If only one kind of cutting tool is used for processing, then the processed products are more equal, it is difficult to distinguish accurately, and the processed products are also difficult to meet the use requirements, which is not in line with the actual use. In order to improve the quality level of products, meet the utilization scale and ensure the effectiveness of products, it is only necessary to adopt different cutting tools, combine the real environment of processing and production, and accurately classify the cutting tools.

Compared with ball end tool, flat end tool has a great advantage in surface processing quality and cutting efficiency, so it is necessary to ensure the processing, whether in rough machining or finish machining, flat end tool is preferred. When milling three-dimensional workpieces, it is best to choose the flat end cutter, and combine the material of the cutter and the characteristics of the processed products to make a more accurate choice. In contrast, in order to avoid overcutting phenomenon, it is best to use ball head cutter when milling curved surface products, and pay attention to the accuracy of machining and the interval of cutting, so as not to reduce the work efficiency.

Using the active tool changing effect of machining center to improve production efficiency

With the rapid development of science and technology, the previous NC milling objects and related tools can not meet the new requirements of real processing, and the work efficiency can not meet the new requirements of social development.

It has become a general trend to adopt the object of active tool change. In the past, most of the CNC milling work was manual operation, which was inefficient and easy to squander a large number of manpower, material resources and financial resources, which was not conducive to the promotion of the quality of the work. Adopting active tool changing technology and scientifically improving the utilization of cutting tools can improve the effectiveness of tool utilization, select cutting tools quickly and adopt active means for cutting. It not only saves time, but also improves the processing quality and effect of milling, and meets the new characteristics of rational utilization of modern science and technology. Of course, the use of active tool changing technology is not only a simple name, it must complete the inorganic combination of itself and the object, and the time and distance of active tool changing should also be precise, in order to improve the production efficiency.

CNC computer gong machining accuracy function debugging

Before the debugging of CNC computer gong processing machine tool, the debugging methods of precision and function of computer gong processing machine tool are as follows:

Using precision level instrument and other testing tools, the main bed level of the computer gong processing machine tool is precisely adjusted by adjusting the pad iron, so that the geometric accuracy of the machine tool can reach the allowable tolerance range;
For the automatic tool changing device, adjust the position of tool magazine, manipulator, stroke parameters, etc., and then check the action with instructions to ensure accuracy;
For the machine tool with APC automatic exchange table, after adjusting the relative position, carry out automatic exchange;
After adjusting the machine tool,

Carefully check whether the parameter setting values in the numerical control system and the programmable controller conform to the data specified in the random index, and then test the main operation functions, safety measures, and the execution of common instructions.

Check the auxiliary functions and accessories of the machine. CNC computer gong NC machining is the basis of modern manufacturing technology, this invention for the manufacturing industry, has epoch-making significance and far-reaching influence.