The fuel consumption of Wheeled Construction machinery is one of the major construction costs. Therefore, the fuel oil with freezing point 3-5 ℃ lower than the minimum temperature should be selected according to the temperature of the construction area. The fuel saving measures for construction transport vehicles and engines are as follows:
(1) Try to reduce the weight of the vehicle. Increasing vehicle weight will increase fuel consumption correspondingly. Therefore, unnecessary additional equipment should be removed from the vehicle during construction without affecting the project quality
(2) The resistance to acceleration and fuel consumption should be reduced as much as possible.
In construction, if the speed is below 400km / h, the air resistance can be ignored. It should be noted that the rolling resistance. When the vehicle is driving on an uneven road surface, the deformation of suspension device and tire increases due to its frequent jumping, resulting in a large increase in rolling resistance. Compared with the situation of driving on good road surface, the fuel consumption increases by 30% – 50%. Therefore, it is necessary to repair and maintain the construction access road. At the same time, the tire pressure has a great influence on the rolling resistance. If the tire pressure is reduced on the hard road surface, the tire deformation will be large and the rolling resistance will be increased; if the tire pressure is reduced on the soft road surface, the contact area between the tire and the ground will increase, and the pressure per unit area will decrease, which will reduce the rolling resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the changes of road conditions in construction and select appropriate tire pressure to reduce fuel consumption.
The transmission ratio of each gear of vehicle transmission has a great influence on fuel consumption. The high-speed gear with small transmission ratio should be selected as far as possible in construction, so as to save fuel.
(3) Increase the engine compression ratio to the standard value. The compression ratio of diesel engine is generally between 16 and 22. With the increase of compression ratio, the temperature and pressure at the end of compression are increased, which is beneficial to the combustion and expansion of the mixture, the thermal efficiency of the engine is improved, the effective power is increased and the fuel consumption is reduced. The specific measures are as follows:
Reduce the resistance of the intake system. The filter should be cleaned and maintained in time to ensure that there is enough air to enter the cylinder in time.
Keep the vehicle in good condition. For the engine cylinder pressure, the general diesel engine should not be less than 20% of the original engine standard pressure, gasoline engine is not less than 30%. For the pressure difference between each cylinder, the diesel engine is generally required to be no more than 8%, and the gasoline engine is not more than 10%. If the cylinder pressure does not reach the specified standard, grind the valve and replace the piston ring as required. It should also be noted that the carbon deposit in the combustion chamber will make the compression ratio increase automatically. If the compression ratio is too high and the carbon deposit is too high, it is easy to cause the cylinder deflagration and increase the fuel consumption. Therefore, it is very necessary to remove the carbon deposit. In addition, the clearance between the inlet and exhaust valves must be adjusted to the specified value, because the fuel consumption will be increased if the clearance is too large or too small.
(4) Good engine fuel supply angle in advance. If the fuel supply advance angle is too large or too small, the fuel consumption of the engine will increase. Therefore, in order to make the engine have good performance, the fuel supply advance angle must be calibrated.
(5) Reduce fuel consumption per unit load. If the vehicle condition permits, the productivity can be increased and the fuel consumption per unit weight can be significantly reduced by increasing the vehicle load to the rated load.
(6) Master the economic speed. In construction, the roads are generally informal roads, that is, access roads. In this case, the correct relationship between safety, fuel consumption and vehicle speed should be grasped. Taking the half load of Tatra T815 as an example, the relationship between fuel consumption and vehicle speed is: when the vehicle speed is 25-30km / h, the fuel consumption is the least, that is, in the construction, this speed can not only ensure the production efficiency, but also be economical and reasonable.
(7) Choose lubricating oil correctly. The selection of lubricating oil is the key factor to reduce power consumption and fuel consumption. Different specifications and brands of lubricating oil should be selected in winter and summer.
First of all, strictly abide by the tire inflation standards, check whether the ministries and commissions have air leakage after inflation, and regularly check the tire pressure to ensure compliance with the standards. Develop the habit of using a barometer to measure air pressure. Do not judge with naked eyes. Ensure that the tire has a certain elasticity, when bearing the specified load, make its deformation not exceed the specified range, and ensure the vehicle has good stability and comfort in driving. The pressure of the spare tire should be higher to avoid running away for a long time.
Secondly, it is necessary to select and install the tire correctly, and use the corresponding inner tube according to the tire specification. Tires assembled on the same machine shall be of the same brand, structure and performance. If this is not possible, tyres of the same brand, specification, pattern and type should be assembled on the same axle; when replacing new tires, the whole vehicle or coaxial should be changed at the same time; tires with directional patterns should be installed in accordance with the specified rolling direction; when replacing new tires, the new tires should be installed on the front wheels, and the repaired tires should be installed on the rear wheels. In order to ensure driving safety, the retreaded tires are not allowed to be used as steering wheels (front wheels).
Third, regular tire rotation. After the vehicle has been running for a period of time, the front and rear tires are different in terms of fatigue and wear. Therefore, it is necessary to change the position in time according to the regulations. There are two ways to change tires: cross method and cycle method. The cross transposition method is suitable for the vehicles which often drive on the road with greater camber, while the cyclic transposition method is suitable for the vehicles that often drive on the flat road.
Fourth, it is also necessary to control the temperature of the tire. In the process of driving, the tire will generate heat due to friction and deformation, which will increase the temperature and pressure inside the tire. When the temperature of the tire is very high, we can’t use the method of deflating and depressurizing, and we can’t pour water on the tire to reduce the temperature, so as to avoid accelerating the damage of the tire. Should be in
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